About July 31
July 31, 2025 is the 212th day of the year 2025 in the Gregorian calendar. There are 153 days remaining until the end of this year. The day of the week is Thursday.
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Leo is the sun sign of a person born on this day. Ruby is the modern birthstone for this month. Ruby is the mystical birthstone from Tibetan origin that dates back over a thousand years.
According to the lunisolar Chinese calendar, there are 201 days remaining before the start of the next Chinese New Year.
What Happened On July 31
- 30 BC –Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian’s forces, but most of his army subsequently deserts, leading to his suicide.
- 1009 –Pope Sergius IV becomes the 142nd pope, succeeding Pope John XVIII.
- 1201 –Attempted usurpation of John Komnenos the Fat.
- 1492 –The Jews are expelled from Spain when the Alhambra Decree takes effect.
- 1498 –On his third voyage to the Western Hemisphere, Christopher Columbus becomes the first European to discover the island of Trinidad.
- 1655 –Russo-Polish War (1654-1667): the Russian army enters the capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Vilnius, which it holds for six years.
- 1790 –The very first U.S. patent is issued: to inventor Samuel Hopkins for a potash process.
- 1865 –The first narrow gauge mainline railway in the world opens at Grandchester, Australia.
- 1931 –New York City experimental television station W2XAO (now known as WCBS) begins broadcasts.
- 1932 –The NSDAP (Nazi Party) wins more than 38% of the vote in German elections.
- 1938 –Archaeologists discover engraved gold and silver plates from King Darius the Great in Persepolis.
- 1941 –Holocaust: under instructions from Adolf Hitler, Nazi official Hermann Göring, orders SS General Reinhard Heydrich to “submit to me as soon as possible a general plan of the administrative material and financial measures necessary for carrying out the desired final solution of the Jewish question.”
- 1956 –Jim Laker becomes the first man to take all 10 wickets in a Test match innings as he returns figures of 10/53 in the Australian 2nd innings. This combined with his 9/37 in the first innings gave him match figures of 19/90 in the 4th Test at Old Trafford.
- 1964 –Ranger program: Ranger 7 sends back the first close-up photographs of the moon, with images 1,000 times clearer than anything ever seen from earth-bound telescopes.
- 1971 –Apollo program: Apollo 15 astronauts become the first to ride in a lunar rover.
- 1972 –Operation Motorman: British troops move into the no-go areas of Belfast and Derry, Northern Ireland. End of Free Derry.
- 1991 –The Medininkai Massacre in Lithuania. Soviet OMON attacks Lithuanian customs post in Medininkai, killing 7 officers and severely wounding one other.
- 1999 –Discovery Program: Lunar Prospector – NASA intentionally crashes the spacecraft into the Moon, thus ending its mission to detect frozen water on the moon’s surface.
- 2002 –Hebrew University of Jerusalem is attacked when a bomb explodes in a cafeteria, killing 9.
- 2006 –Fidel Castro hands over power temporarily to brother Raúl Castro.
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