About July 31
July 31, 2025 is the 212th day of the year 2025 in the Gregorian calendar. There are 153 days remaining until the end of this year. The day of the week is Thursday.
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Leo is the sun sign of a person born on this day. Ruby is the modern birthstone for this month. Ruby is the mystical birthstone from Tibetan origin that dates back over a thousand years.
According to the lunisolar Chinese calendar, there are 201 days remaining before the start of the next Chinese New Year.
What Happened On July 31
- 30 BC –Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian’s forces, but most of his army subsequently deserts, leading to his suicide.
- 1009 –Pope Sergius IV becomes the 142nd pope, succeeding Pope John XVIII.
- 1423 –Hundred Years’ War: Battle of Cravant – the French army is defeated at Cravant on the banks of the river Yonne.
- 1451 –Jacques Cœur is arrested by order of Charles VII of France.
- 1492 –The Jews are expelled from Spain when the Alhambra Decree takes effect.
- 1588 –The Spanish Armada is spotted off the coast of England.
- 1658 –Aurangzeb is proclaimed Moghul emperor of India.
- 1703 –Daniel Defoe is placed in a pillory for the crime of seditious libel after publishing a politically satirical pamphlet, but is pelted with flowers.
- 1741 –Charles Albert of Bavaria invades Upper Austria and Bohemia.
- 1913 –The Balkan States signs an armistice at Bucharest.
- 1919 –German national assembly adopts the Weimar Constitution, which comes into force on August 14.
- 1930 –The radio mystery program The Shadow airs for the first time.
- 1932 –The NSDAP (Nazi Party) wins more than 38% of the vote in German elections.
- 1941 –Holocaust: under instructions from Adolf Hitler, Nazi official Hermann Göring, orders SS General Reinhard Heydrich to “submit to me as soon as possible a general plan of the administrative material and financial measures necessary for carrying out the desired final solution of the Jewish question.”
- 1948 –At Idlewild Field in New York, New York International Airport (later renamed John F. Kennedy International Airport) is dedicated.
- 1964 –Ranger program: Ranger 7 sends back the first close-up photographs of the moon, with images 1,000 times clearer than anything ever seen from earth-bound telescopes.
- 1971 –Apollo program: Apollo 15 astronauts become the first to ride in a lunar rover.
- 1973 –A Delta Air Lines jetliner, flight DL 723 crashes while landing in fog at Logan Airport, Boston, Massachusetts killing 89.
- 1988 –32 people are killed and 1,674 injured when a bridge at the Sultan Abdul Halim ferry terminal collapses in Butterworth, Malaysia.
- 1992 –Thai Airways International Flight 311 crashes into a mountain north of Kathmandu, Nepal killing all 113 people on board.
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